Tax facts based on Budget announcements to 23 March 2022.
For more information on tax rates and other tax facts, please click on the links below or download the tax facts PDF.
- Income tax rates
- Income tax allowances
- Pension contributions
- Capital gains tax
- Inheritance tax
- Non domiciled remittance basis users
- National insurance contributions
- Individual savings accounts
- Tax efficient savings and investments
- Stamp duty
- Property stamp taxes
- Annual tax on enveloped dwellings
- Residential property developer tax
- Corporation tax and diverted profits tax
- Patent box
- Research and development tax relief
- Land remediation tax relief
- Creative sector tax reliefs
- Capital allowances
- Value added tax
- Digital services tax
- Authorised mileage rates
- Car and fuel scale benefits
A Rate on non dividend savings income up to £5,000 is 0% where taxable non savings income does not exceed £5,000.
B Reducing to 19% from 6 April 2024
C A dividend allowance effectively taxes the first £2,000 dividends received by individuals at 0%. Dividends above this limit are taxed at 8.75% (2021/22: 7.5%) for basic and standard rate taxpayers, 33.75% (2021/22: 32.5%) for higher rate taxpayers and 39.35% (2021/22: 38.1%) for additional and trust rate taxpayers.
D Basic rate band increased by gross Gift Aid donations and certain personal pension contributions.
E Scottish income tax and rate bands apply to earned, pensions and property income of Scottish taxpayers. UK income tax rates and bands apply for other income, including savings and dividend income of Scottish taxpayers.
F The Welsh Government has the right to set the Welsh rate of income tax that applies to earned, pension and property income of Welsh taxpayers in addition to the UK rates after reducing those rates by 10%. The Welsh Government set the Welsh rate of income tax at 10% for 2022/23 (2021/22: 10%), leaving the combined UK plus Welsh rates the same as those applying in England and Northern Ireland.
A Reduced by £1 for every £2 of income over £100,000.
B Non UK residents may not be entitled to personal allowances in certain circumstances..
C Available to persons born before 6 April 1935. Relief limited to 10%. Reduced to minimum allowance by £1 for every £2 over income limit.
D £500 for UK higher rate taxpayers and £nil for UK additional rate taxpayers.
E If gross income in excess of £1,000, a deduction of £1,000 instead of actual expenses is permitted.
High income child benefit charge: 1% of the benefit per £100 of adjusted net income over £50,000: 100% of the benefit when adjusted net income is over £60,000.
| PENSION CONTRIBUTIONS | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022/23 | 2021/22 | Note | |
| Annual allowance | £40,000 | £40,000 | A |
| Lifetime allowance | £1,073,100 | £1,073,100 | |
A A Up to the lower of 100% of earnings or the maximum contribution. Maximum contribution is the annual allowance plus unutilised allowances from the three previous tax years. Up to £3,600 may be contributed irrespective of earnings. Annual allowance reduced: by £1 for every £2 income over £240,000 to a minimum of £4,000; and, to £4,000 maximum if certain pension drawings made.
A Gains on carried interest and chargeable residential property - 8% surcharge.
Non UK residents subject to capital gains tax (or corporation tax for companies) on sale of UK property and certain disposals of interests in UK property rich entities.
Certain disposals of UK land and buildings by non UK residents and disposals of residential property by UK residents must be reported and the tax paid to HMRC within 60 days of sale (30 days for disposals completed prior to 27 October 2021).
A Additional residence nil rate band (RNRB) of £175,000 for transfers of a main residence to direct descendants. NRB and RNRB for estate of surviving spouse are increased by unutilised percentage of NRB and RNRB of predeceased spouse. RNRB tapers away for estates over £2m.
B Some lifetime gifts are taxed at 20%.
C Tax rate reduced to 36% where 10% or more of net chargeable estate is left to charity.
Certain returning former UK domiciled individuals, and non domiciled individuals who have been resident in the UK in at least 15 of the previous 20 tax years, are treated as if UK domiciled for income tax, capital gains tax and inheritance tax purposes.
The first £5,000 of employer's liability relieved by the employment allowance for employers with a NICs bill of less than £100,000.
No employers NICs for employees aged under 21 (and apprentices up to age 25) on earnings up to £967 per week (the upper earnings limit), or for new employees in freeport tax sites on earnings up to £481 per week (the freeport upper secondary threshold).
For 2022/23 only, NICs rates include a 1.25% health and social care uplift. For 2023/24, NICs rates will revert to: 13.8% (Classes 1 employer, 1A and 1B); 12% and 2% (Class 1 employee); and, 9% and 2% (Class 4) respectively, with the introduction of a separate 1.25% Health and Social Care Levy on employers, employees and self-employed individuals.
Apprenticeship Levy at 0.5% payable on annual pay bills in excess of £3m, net of £15,000 annual allowance.
| INDIVIDUAL SAVINGS ACCOUNTS | ||
|---|---|---|
| Maximum annual investment | 2022/23 | 2021/22 |
| Cash and shares combined limit | £20,000 | £20,000 |
| Lifetime ISA | £4,000 | £4,000 |
| Junior ISA | £9,000 | £9,000 |
Help To Buy ISA - scheme closed to new accounts from 30 November 2019. Deposits of up to £200 per month eligible for existing accounts.
The lifetime ISA allowance counts towards the maximum cash and shares combined ISA limit.
A Income tax relief at 50%.
B Income tax relief at 30%.
C Up to £2m for 'knowledge-intensive' companies.
D Capital gains tax deferral on gains reinvested in EIS qualifying investments.
E Capital gains tax exemption on 50% of gains reinvested in SEIS qualifying investments.
| STAMP DUTY | |
|---|---|
| Consideration on shares over £1,000 | 0.5% |
Residential leases
England and Northern Ireland - 1% on present value of rents above £125,000, nil in Wales and generally exempt in Scotland.
3% (SDLT) and 4% (LBTT and LTT) supplements apply to above rates for second residential properties purchased by individuals and all purchases by corporates, discretionary and certain other trustees with chargeable consideration of £40,000 or more.
2% SDLT surcharge applies on residential properties acquired by non UK residents.
15% flat rate SDLT applies to non natural persons purchasing residential properties (enveloped properties) for more than £500,000 unless relief is available.
First time buyers are exempt from SDLT for purchases up to £300,000 and for the first £300,000 of purchases up to £500,000.
First time buyer relief from LBTT is available for the first £175,000 of relevant property purchases.
| Non residential/mixed use | England & NI | Scotland | Wales |
| Price/premium payable | SDLT | LBTT | LTT |
| £0 - £150,000 | Nil | Nil | Nil |
| £150,001 - £225,000 | 2% | 1% | Nil |
| £225,001 - £250,000 | 2% | 1% | 1% |
| £250,001 - £1m | 5% | 5% | 5% |
| Over £1m | 5% | 5% | 6% |
Non residential/mixed leases
England and Northern Ireland - 1% on present value of rents £150,001 to £5m, 2% above £5m.
Scotland - 1% on present value of rents £150,001 to £2m, 2% above £2m.
Wales - 1% on present value of rents £225,001 to £2m, 2% above £2m.
Qualifying purchases in freeport tax sites eligible for full relief from SDLT.
| RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY DEVELOPER TAX | |
|---|---|
| Profits over: | Rate |
| £25m | 4% |
Applies to relevant company profits derived from UK residential property development.
A A Increasing to 25% from 1 April 2023, with 19% small companies rate for profits below £50,000 and marginal relief for profits to £250,000 (thresholds reduced for associated companies).
B Withheld at source.
C Applies to profits of large entities diverted from the UK as a result of an avoided permanent establishment or transactions that lack economic substance.
D To increase to 31% from 1 April 2023.
| PATENT BOX | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022/23 | 2021/22 | Note | |
| Effective rate of tax on qualifying profits | 10% | 10% | A |
A Nexus based regime operates from 1 July 2016. Previous regime available until 2021 if opt in election made for patents registered by 30 June 2016.
A Additional (enhanced) tax deduction available for qualifying R&D expenditure.
B Payable R&D tax credit in any tax year in excess of £20,000 is restricted to three times the total relevant PAYE income tax and NICs liability for the year.
C Taxable credit available on qualifying R&D expenditure.
| LAND REMEDIATION TAX RELIEF | ||
|---|---|---|
| 2022/23 | 2021/22 | |
| Additional tax deduction | 50% | 50% |
| Payable tax credit on surrenderable loss | 16% | 16% |
| CREATIVE SECTOR TAX RELIEFS | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Payable credit rates | 2022/23 | 2021/22 | Note |
| Film tax relief | 25% | 25% | A |
| High end television tax relief | 25% | 25% | A |
| Video games tax relief | 25% | 25% | A |
| Theatre tax relief | 50% | 25% | A, B,C |
| Orchestra tax relief | 50% | 25% | A, B |
| Museums and galleries exhibition tax relief | 50% | 25% | A, B, C |
A Eligible expenditure qualifies for enhanced deductions. Rates quoted refer to payable tax credits for any resulting surrenderable losses.
B 2022/23 rates apply for expenditure between 27 October 2021 and 31 March 2023. Above rates scheduled to reduce to 35% for 2023/24 and to 25% for 2024/25, other than museums and galleries exhibition tax relief, which is currently due to end on 31 March 2024.
C Payable credits reduced by 5% for non-touring productions in all tax years.
A Allowance of 130% for companies on cost of most new plant and machinery that ordinarily qualifies for 18% main rate writing down allowances until 31 March 2023.
B Allowance of 50% for companies on cost of most new plant and machinery that ordinarily qualifies for 6% special rate writing down allowances until 31 March 2023.
C Maximum annual investment allowance £1m pa to 31 March 2023 (£200,000 pa from 1 April 2023).
D Reducing balance.
E Available for: research and development (no time limit); enterprise zone (assisted areas) until designated dates between 31 March 2021 and 16 March 2024; brand new low emission cars and gas refuelling stations until 31 March 2025; zero-emission goods vehicles until 31 March 2025/5 April 2025; and electric vehicle charge points until 31 March 2023/5 April 2023.
F Available on qualifying assets brought into use on or after the date the relevant freeport tax site is designated and before 30 September 2026.
G New and unused cars only. Allowances for second hand cars are 18% reducing balance.
H Expenditure on non residential structures and buildings on construction contracts entered into on or after 29 October 2018.
I Available for structures and buildings in freeport tax sites for contracts entered into on or after the freeport is designated.
| VALUE ADDED TAX | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022/23 | 2021/22 | Note | |
| Standard rate | 20% | 20% | A |
| Reduced rate | 5% | 5% | A |
| Annual turnover limit for registration | £85,000 | £85,000 | B |
| Annual cash accounting upper limit | £1,350,000 | £1,350,000 | |
| EC sales list reporting threshold | Nil | Nil | C |
| Intrastat reporting | |||
| Arrivals threshold | £1,500,000 | £1,500,000 | D |
| Dispatches threshold | £250,000 | £250,000 | D |
A Temporary reduced rate for hospitality and tourism sector - 5% from 15 July 2020 to 30 September 2021 and interim rate of 12.5% from 1 October 2021 to 31 March 2022, returning to standard rate from 1 April 2022.
B Taxable turnover is measured by reference to the last 12 months or next 30 days.
C From 1 January 2021, EC sales lists are no longer required for goods exported from Great Britain and services supplied to EU businesses, but are still required for goods supplied from Northern Ireland to EU VAT registered customers. Simplified annual EC sales lists can be used where: annual taxable turnover does not exceed £110,500; goods supplied annually from Northern Ireland to EU VAT registered customers do not exceed £11,000; and, sales do not include new means of transport.
D From 1 January 2021, Intrastat declarations are no longer required for goods exported from Great Britain to the EU, but are still required for goods imported from the EU into Great Britain until 31 December 2021 and for goods moving between Northern Ireland and the EU.
| AUTHORISED MILEAGE RATES | ||
|---|---|---|
| Per mile | ||
| Private cars and vans | First 10,000 miles in the tax year | 45p |
| Additional miles | 25p | |
| Each qualifying passenger | 5p | |
| Motor cycle | 24p | |
| Cycle | 20p | |
The authorised mileage rates for private cars and vans above are for income tax purposes only. The authorised rate for NICs purposes is 45p per mile regardless of annual mileage.
Diesel vehicles meeting the RDE2 standard are exempt from diesel supplement and the above other fuel rates apply for such vehicles.
